Cookie Consent by FreePrivacyPolicy.com
Skip to main navigation menu Skip to main content Skip to site footer

Special Issue Articles

Vol. 3 No. 2 (2022): The American Entrepreneurial Spirit

'When you look at a calf, what do you see?': Land(ed) Business, Manifest Entrepreneurialism, and Competing Capitalisms in the Contemporary West of Yellowstone

Submitted
September 11, 2021
Published
2022-06-30

Abstract

For a popular, mass media text, Paramount's hit television show Yellowstone (2018–) packs quite a punch. It renders visible in a mass-mediated, synecdochial format the latent and ongoing effects that settler colonialism and its entanglements with the necrotic logic of capitalism have on lifeworlds in the contemporary West. By making a traditionally privileged place—a multigenerational cattle ranch—the principal target of intrusive, increasingly powerful agents of big non-agricultural capital, who are portrayed as a threat to the local and regional polity and the social fabric of the rural West, Yellowstone says something tangible and pertinent about the fastest growing region in the United States, and the massive changes in land use and land development that have registered in the past two and a half decades.

This article pursues a goal that is twofold. Firstly, it will map the Trans-Mississippi West as an entrepreneurial habitat where the agents of settler colonialism initiated patterns that continue to undergird land ownership, land development, and land use policies in the contemporary West. Secondly, I will read and explicate how Yellowstone remediates New/Post-West scholarship—the work of social historians and cultural geographers in particular—with a seemingly didactic zeal. Ultimately, this yields a rather sober(ing) view of entrepreneurism in that its frequently quoted Schumpeterian definition—creative destruction—amounts to an ideological position that can only ever produce formations of violence, be they physical, psychological, epistemic, symbolic, and/or ecological.

References

  1. Abbott, Carl. "Land for Cities, Scenery for City People: Managing Urbanization in the American Grain." In Land in the American West: Private Claims and the Common Good, edited by William G. Robbins and James C. Foster, 77-95. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2014.
  2. "All for Nothing." Written by Taylor Sheridan. Directed by Christina Voros. Yellowstone. Season 3, episode 6. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2020.
  3. Baym, Nina. "Old West, New West, Postwest, Real West." American Literary History 18, no. 4 (2006): 814-28. https://doi.org/10.1093/alh/ajl020
  4. Bergland, Renée L. The National Uncanny: Indian Ghosts and American Subjects. Hanover: University Press of New England, 2000.
  5. Birzer, Bradley J. "Expanding Creative Destruction: Entrepreneurship in the American Wests." Western Historical Quarterly 30, no. 1 (1999): 45-63. https://doi.org/10.2307/971158
  6. Bramwell, Lincoln. "Wilderburbs and Rocky Mountain Development." In City Dreams, Country Schemes: Community and Identity in the American West, edited by Kathleen A. Brosnan and Amy L. Scott, 88-108. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2014.
  7. Brayer, Herbert O. "The Influence of British Capital on the Western Range-Cattle Industry." The Journal of Economic History, no. 9 (1949): 85-98. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/S002205070006407X
  8. Brown, Richard Maxwell. "Violence." In The Oxford History of the American West, edited by Clyde A. Milner II, Carol A. O'Connor, and Martha A. Sandweiss, 393-425. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1994.
  9. Campbell, Neil. The Cultures of the American New West. Chicago: Fitzroy Dearborn Publishers, 2000.
  10. Campbell, Neil. Post-Westerns: Cinema, Region, West. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2013.
  11. Carter, Ash. "The Writer of Hell or High Water Reveals Its Link to Sicario." Esquire. February 24, 2017. https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/movies/q-and-a/a53403/taylor-sheridan-interview-hell-or-high-water/
  12. Comer, Krista. "New West, Urban and Suburban Spaces, Postwest." In A Companion to the Literature and Culture of the American West, edited by Nicolas S. Witschi, 244-60. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
  13. Cook, Nancy. "The Romance of Ranching; or, Selling Place-Based Fantasies in and of the West." In Post Western Cultures: Literature, Theory Space, edited by Susan Kollin, 223-43. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
  14. "Cowboys and Dreamers." Written by Taylor Sheridan. Directed by Christina Voros. Yellowstone. Season 3, episode 5. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2020.
  15. Dana, Richard Henry. Two Years Before the Mast. Mineola: Dover Publications, 2007.
  16. "Daybreak." Written and directed by Taylor Sheridan. Yellowstone. Season 1, episode 1. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2018.
  17. Emmerich, Lisa E. "Indian Casinos." In Icons of the American West: From Cowgirls to Silicon Valley, edited by Gordon Morris Bakken, 443-64. Westport: Greenwood Press, 2008.
  18. "Enemies by Monday." Written by Taylor Sheridan and Eric Beck. Directed by Guy Ferland. Yellowstone. Season 2, episode 9. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2019.
  19. Farrell, Justin. Billionaire Wilderness: The Ultra-Wealthy and the Remaking of the American West. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2020.
  20. Forbis Jr., Robert E. Altered Policy Landscapes: Fracking, Grazing, and the Bureau of Land Management. Cham: Springer, 2019.
  21. "Freight Trains and Monsters." Written by Taylor Sheridan. Directed by Stephen Kay. Yellowstone. Season 3, episode 2. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2020.
  22. Ghose, Rina. "Middle-Class Migration and Rural Gentrification in Western Montana." In City Dreams, Country Schemes: Community and Identity in the American West, edited by Kathleen A. Brosnan and Amy L. Scott, 109-130. Reno: University of Nevada Press, 2014.
  23. Gibson, Chris. "Cowboy Masculinities: Relationality and Rural Identity." In Masculinities and Place, edited by Andrew Gorman-Murray and Peter Hopkins, 125-39. Farnham: Ashgate, 2014.
  24. "Going Back to Cali." Written by Taylor Sheridan. Directed by John Dahl. Yellowstone. Season 3, episode 4. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2020.
  25. Iverson, Peter. When Indians Became Cowboys: Native Peoples and Cattle Ranching in the American West. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1994.
  26. "Jackson Food/Hospitality Workers Live in Forest Because They Can't Afford Rent in Richest County in US." Cowboy State Daily. September 2, 2021. https://cowboystatedaily.com/2021/09/02/jackson-food-hospitality-workers-live-in-forest-because-they-cant-afford-rent-in-richest-county-in-us/
  27. Jordan, Teresa. Riding in the White Horse Home: A Western Family Album. New York: Vintage Books, 1993.
  28. Kelso, William. "Three Types of Pluralism." In Public Policy Theories, Models, and Concepts, edited by Daniel C. McCool, 41-54. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall, 1995.
  29. Kerr, William G. Scottish Capital on the American Credit Frontier. Austin: Texas State Historical Association, 1976.
  30. Kollin, Susan. "Introduction: Postwestern Studies, Dead or Alive." In Postwestern Cultures: Literature, Theory, Space, edited by Susan Kollin, ix-xix. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2007.
  31. Kurz, Mordecai. The Market Power of Technology: Understanding the Second Gilded Age. New York: Columbia University Press, 2022.
  32. Lamar, Howard R. "John Augustus Sutter, Wilderness Entrepreneur." In John Sutter and A Wider West, edited by Kenneth N. Owens, 26-50. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002.
  33. Lang, Robert E., and Dawn Dhavale. "Micropolitan America: A Brand New Geography." Metropolitan Institute at Virginia Tech Census Note 5, no. 1 (2004): 1-25.
  34. Leydon, Joe. "Taylor Sheridan." Cowboys & Indians (January 2021): 91-98.
  35. Limerick, Patricia Nelson. The Legacy of Conquest. New York: Norton, 1987.
  36. Merrill, Karen R. "Domesticated Bliss: Ranchers and Their Animals." In Across the Great Divide: Cultures of Manhood in the American West, edited by Matthew Basso, Laura McCall, and Dee Garceau, 169-84. London: Routledge, 2001.
  37. "A Monster Is Among Us." Written and directed by Taylor Sheridan. Yellowstone. Season 1, episode 7. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2018.
  38. "New Beginnings." Written by Taylor Sheridan. Directed by Ed Bianchi. Yellowstone. Season 2, episode 2. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2019.
  39. "No Good Horses." Written and directed by Taylor Sheridan. Yellowstone. Season 1, episode 3. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2018.
  40. "Only Devils Left." Written by Taylor Sheridan and Brett Conrad. Directed by Stephen Kay. Yellowstone Season 2, episode 4. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2019.
  41. Opie, John. The Law of the Land: Two Hundred Years of American Farmland Policy. Lincoln: University of Nebraska, 1994.
  42. "The Reek of Desperation." Written by Taylor Sheridan. Directed by Stephen Key. Yellowstone. Season 2, episode 3. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2019.
  43. Rengert, Kristopher M., and Robert E. Lang. "Cowboys and Cappuccino: The Emerging Diversity of the Rural West." Fannie Mae Foundation Census Note, no. 4 (2001): n. pag.
  44. Robbins, William G. "Introduction: In Search of Western Lands." In Land in the American West: Private Claims and the Common Good, edited by William G. Robbins and James C. Foster, 3-20. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2014.
  45. Robertson, James Oliver. American Myth, American Reality. New Work: Hill and Wang, 1980.
  46. Rowley, William D. "From Open Range to Closed Range on the Public Lands." In Land in the American West: Private Claims and the Common Good, edited by William G. Robbins and James C. Foster, 96-119. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2014.
  47. Schumpeter, Joseph A. Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy. London: Routledge, 1994.
  48. Shaffer, Marguerite S. "'The West Plays West': Western Tourism and the Landscape of Leisure." In A Companion to the American West, edited by William Deverell, 375-89. Malden: Blackwell, 2007.
  49. Slotkin, Richard. Regeneration Through Violence: The Mythology of the American Frontier, 1600-1860. Middletown: Wesleyan University Press, 1973.
  50. "Southern and Western Regions Experienced Rapid Growth This Decade." United States Census Bureau. May 21, 2020. https://www.census.gov/newsroom/press-releases/2020/south-west-fastest-growing.html
  51. Stegner, Wallace. "Variations on a Theme by Crèvecoeur." In Where the Bluebird Sings to the Lemonade Springs: Living and Writing in the West, Wallace Stegner, 99-116. New York: Random House, 2002.
  52. Taylor, Joseph E. "The Many Lives of the New West." Western Historical Quarterly 35, no. 2 (2004): 141-65. https://doi.org/10.2307/25442968
  53. "A Thundering Is Coming." Written by Taylor Sheridan. Directed by Ed Bianchi. Yellowstone. Season 2, episode 1. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2019.
  54. Travis, William. New Geographies of the American West: Land Use and the Changing Patterns of Place. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 2007.
  55. "The Unravelling: Part 2." Written and directed by Taylor Sheridan. Yellowstone. Season 1, episode 9. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2018.
  56. Vizenor, Gerald. "Aesthetics of Survivance." In Survivance: Narratives of Native Presence, edited by Gerald Vizenor, 1-24. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2008.
  57. Walker, Peter. "Reconsidering 'Regional' Political Ecologies: Toward a Political Ecology of the Rural American West." Progress in Human Geography 27, no. 1 (2003): 7-24. https://doi.org/10.1191/0309132503ph410oa
  58. Walsh, Margaret. The American West: Visions and Revisions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2005.
  59. White, Richard. "Contested Terrain: The Business of Land in the American West." In Land in the American West: Private Claims and the Common Good, edited by William G. Robbins and James C. Foster, 190-206. Seattle: University of Washington Press, 2014.
  60. White, Richard. Railroaded: The Transcontinentals and the Making of Modern America. New York: W.W. Norton, 2011.
  61. Wilkinson, Charles. Crossing the Next Meridian: Land, Water, and the Future of the West. Washington, D.C.: Island Press, 1992.
  62. "The World Is Purple." Written by Taylor Sheridan. Directed by Stephen Kay. Yellowstone. Season 3, episode 10. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2020.
  63. "You're the Indian Now." Written by Taylor Sheridan. Directed by Stephen Kay. Yellowstone. Season 3, episode 1. Hollywood: Paramount Pictures, 2020.

Similar Articles

101-110 of 110

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.